Born: April 15, 1707, Basel, Swiss Confederacy
Died: 18 September, 1783, Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire

Leonhard Euler

The most prolific mathematician of all time, publishing close to 900 books. When he went blind in his late 50s his productivity in many areas increased. His famous formula $e^{i\pi }+1=0$, where e is the mathematical constant sometimes known as Euler's number and $i=\sqrt{-1}$ is, is widely considered the most beautiful in mathematics.

Born: 1601., Beaumont-de-Lomagne, France
Died: January 12 1665., Castres, France

Pierre de Fermat

Born: April 30, 1777, Braunschweig, Germany
Died: February 23, 1855, Göttingen, Germany
Education: University of Helmstedt, University of Göttingen, Braunschweig University of Technology

Carl Friedrich Gauss

Born: September 17, 1826 -  Breselenz, Kingdom of Hanover
Died: July 20, 1866 -  Selasca, Kingdom of Italy

Bernhard Riemann

Born: c 570 BC, Samos, Greece
Died: c 495 BC, Metapontum, Greece

Pythagoras

Born: July 1, 1646, Lipcs, Saxony, Holy Roman Empire
Died: November 14, 1716, Hanover, Hanover, Holy Roman Empire

Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz

Born: January 4, 1643, Woolsthorpe-by-Colsterworth, United Kingdom
Died: March 31, 1727, Kensington, London, United Kingdom

Isaac Newton

Born: December 15, 1802, Klausenburg, Kingdom of Hungary
Died: January 27, 1860, Marosvásárhely, Kingdom of Hungary

Janos Bolyai

Born: March 3 1845., Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died: January 6 1918., Halle, German Empire

Georg Cantor